Unified Angular Momentum of Dyons

Unified quaternionic angular momentum for the fields of dyons and gravito-dyons has been developed and the commutation relations for dynamical variables are obtained in compact and consistent manner. Demonstrating the quaternion forms of unified fields of dyons (electromagnetic fields) and gravito-dyons (gravito-Heavisidian fields of linear gravity), corresponding quantum equations are reformulated in compact, simpler and manifestly covariant way

Combining ability in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) for yield and quality

Twelve genetically diverse varieties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were evaluated at Jobner (Rajasthan) following diallel mating design for determining their utility as parents in the development of hybrids and/or high yielding composites. The analysis of variance indicated that varieties and heterosis were significant for most of the characters studied, indicating complex type of inheritance involving additive, dominance and epistatic components. The heterosis sum of squares accounted for more than 75% of the entries sum of squares. Partitioning of overall heterosis variation indicated that contribution of specific heterosis was the highest (>50%) among the three components. Estimates of genetic constants indicated that varietal heterosis effects were significa nt for all the tra its except days to 50% flowering and test weight, while specific heterosis effects were significant for most of the characters. The cross RF-101 x JF-25 showed the highest positive specific heterosis effect for seed yield plant·, along with high specific heterosis effects for umbels and biological yield plan 1''. These two parents represented a good choice to initiate inter-population improvement. &nbsp

Analysis of Dimensionality Reduction Techniques on Big Data

Due to digitization, a huge volume of data is being generated across several sectors such as healthcare, production, sales, IoT devices, Web, organizations. Machine learning algorithms are used to uncover patterns among the attributes of this data. Hence, they can be used to make predictions that can be used by medical practitioners and people at managerial level to make executive decisions. Not all the attributes in the datasets generated are important for training the machine learning algorithms. Some attributes might be irrelevant and some might not affect the outcome of the prediction. Ignoring or removing these irrelevant or less important attributes reduces the burden on machine learning algorithms. In this work two of the prominent dimensionality reduction techniques, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are investigated on four popular Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, Decision Tree Induction, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes Classifier and Random Forest Classifier using publicly available Cardiotocography (CTG) dataset from University of California and Irvine Machine Learning Repository. The experimentation results prove that PCA outperforms LDA in all the measures. Also, the performance of the classifiers, Decision Tree, Random Forest examined is not affected much by using PCA and LDA.To further analyze the performance of PCA and LDA the eperimentation is carried out on Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Intrusion Detection System (IDS) datasets. Experimentation results prove that ML algorithms with PCA produce better results when dimensionality of the datasets is high. When dimensionality of datasets is low it is observed that the ML algorithms without dimensionality reduction yields better results

Response of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) to plant growth regulators and their time of application

The effect of plant growth regulators and their time of application on growth, yield and economics of fenugreek were studied during three winter seasons (Rabi) of 2005–06 to 2007–08. Plant growth regulators used were Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 50 ppm, Triacontanol 1000 ppm & Triacontanol 500 ppm with three times of spray viz., one (40 DAS), two (40 & 60 DAS) and three (40, 60 & 80 DAS) along with absolute control laid out in factorial randomized block design replicated thrice. Based on three years study it was observed that growth regulator treatments significantly influenced growth, yield attributes, yield & economics of fenugreek. The highest pods plant-1, test weight, seed yield (1494 kg ha-1), straw yield (3381 kg ha-1), gross returns (Rs. 51582 ha-1), net returns (Rs.35586 ha-1) and benefit : cost ratio (2.25) were recorded with NAA 50 ppm which was significantly superior to Triacontanol 1000 ppm & 500 ppm & water spray. The seed yield was increased by 27.80%, 23.70% & 16.08% and net returns by 44.20%, 36.71% & 25.25% with application of NAA 50 ppm, Triacontanol 1000 ppm & 500 ppm over spray of water, respectively. Further, significantly maximum number of branches plant-1, test weight, seed yield (1409 kg ha-1), gross returns (Rs. 48546 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 32331 ha-1) and benefit : cost ratio (1.99) were recorded with three sprays at 40, 60 & 80 DAS closely followed by two sprays at 40 & 60 DAS over single spray at 40 DAS. Hence, the application of NAA 50 ppm twice at 40 & 60 DAS or thrice at 40, 60 & 80 DAS was found beneficial in terms of increased growth, yield and monetary returns of fenugreek. &nbsp

Importance of Biochar in Agriculture and Its Consequence

Climate change is affecting all four dimensions of food security: food availability, food accessibility, food utilization, and food systems stability. It is also affecting human health, livelihood assets, food production, and distribution channels, as well as changing purchasing power and market flows. Keeping in view, the present chapter is focusing mostly on biochar. Biochar is usually produced by pyrolysis of biomass at around temperature range of 300–600°C. It is under investigation as an approach to carbon sequestration to produce negative carbon emissions. Present agriculture is leading mining of nutrients and reduction in soil organic matter levels through repetitive harvesting of crops. The most widespread solution to this depletion is the application of soil amendments in the form of fertilizers containing the three major nutrients. The nitrogen is considered the most limiting nutrient for plant growth useful for protein builds, structures, hormones, chlorophyll, vitamins, and enzymes. Biochar may be added to soils to improve soil health, improve soil fertility, and sequester carbon. However, the variable application rates, uncertain feedstock effects, and initial soil state provide a wide range of cost for marginally improved yield from biochar additions, which is often economically impracticable. There is a need for further research on optimizing biochar application to improve crop yields

Low latitude, topside ionosphere composition and its variation with changeable solar activity

190-197The ions composition and their densities have been studied for different solar activity periods - along with their diurnal, seasonal and annual variations - for half of the 23rd solar cycle, covering solar minima (1995) to solar maxima (2000) over Indian sector (65–95ᵒE and 5–35ᵒN) at an average altitude of ~500 km. The study has been done by processing the data obtained from in situ measurement made by separate Retarding Potential Analyser (RPA) for electrons and ions, aboard Indian satellite SROSS C2. The plasma density has been found to be rich in O+ ion for all instances of time and showed a direct increase with solar activity. H+ has been observed to be in plenty during night time, especially from moderate to high solar activity period. The difference between H+ and O+ densities widens with increasing value of F10.7. He+ always constitutes a small part of plasma but its density exceeds H+ - during moderate to high solar activity period. O2+ has beenfound to be a minor constituent, even 3-4 folds lesser than He+ density. A positive correlation with solar activity has been found for O2+

Multicomponent synthesis of 4H-pyran derivatives using KOH loaded calcium oxide as catalyst in solvent free condition

A Convenient and green synthesis of 4H-pyran derivatives via one-pot multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and ethyl acetoacetate using KOH loaded CaO as a catalyst under solvent free condition is reported. The morphology of the catalyst has been characterized by XRD and TEM. This protocol have numerous advantages like lesser reaction time, environment friendly, low cost, easy to separate, and provide higher yield. The synthesized compounds have been characterized and confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT- IR, and LC- MS